Osteoporosis is most often diagnosed by a bone density test ( Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry; DXA). It is a short, painless scan that measures the density (strength) of your bones, usually at the hip and spine. The result from this test is called a T-score.

Your doctor will initially assess your risk factors for osteoporosis, which include your age, medical history and lifestyle factors, before referring you for a test.

A bone density test will give you a T-score. The result will be given to you in the range of:

1. Normal
2. Osteopenia (low bone density)
3. Osteoporosis

1. If the test shows normal You have normal bone density. Exercise, adequate calcium intake and vitamin D are all important factors for maintaining bone health.
2. If the test shows Osteopenia (low bone density) Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors that can affect bone health. Your doctor will also recommend a follow-up test in 1-2 years to monitor your bone density.
3. If the test shows Osteoporosis This means your bone density is low and at risk of fracture. Your doctor will probably recommend you start drug treatment (calcium) to stop further bone loss and prevent fractures. Health factors, including nutritional advice, exercise and falls prevention strategies will also be discussed and a follow-up test should be conducted at a suitable interval to monitor your bone density and the effectiveness of the treatment.